Increasing taxes of alcohol Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Increasing taxes of alcohol - Essay Example According to the health minister, when in the year 2000 the previous government initiated a tax decrease on these products, it led to a drastic increase in the consumption of these products. Official data suggests that the consumption increased form 14 percent to around 60 percent with young girls. Moreover, an even more alarming situation for the government is that the consumption of ready to alcohol drinks is increasing within teenagers and data suggests that girls are even more responsive towards this trend in comparison with boys. The government hopes to reverse this trend with this price increase since the segment is price sensitive plus the government also promises to spend the tax revenue in preventive health schemes. The above-mentioned case in many ways relates to different concepts of economics. The first one can be the very basic relation of price and demand. Economics at its initial level teaches that price charged for any product and quantity demanded of that product enjoy a negative or inverse relationship. If price charged for a product increases than the quantity demand decreases and vice versa1. This case shows a similar kind of a situation. According to the health minister when in year 2000, the previous government decreased the taxes, it led to the decrease in the price charged for it to consumers and this decrease in price led to a drastic increase in the quantity demanded for ready to drink alcohol drinks. Official data suggests that it rose from 14 percent to 60 percent within the segment of young girls. The price demand relationship explains the idea and phenomenon behind this happening. Another important concept of economics applied here is the price elasticity of demand. Sensitivity of quantity demanded to the changes in the price charged is the price elasticity of demand. In order words, it can also be said that it refers to the responsiveness of demand in relation to the changes in price.

Analysis of Financial and Operating Performance of Vodafone Assignment

Analysis of Financial and Operating Performance of Vodafone - Assignment Example The slow growth of sales is caused by the economic recession that started in 2008, the stiff competition from other mobile companies and internal operations problems. The net profit has also decreased in 2009 by 15% because the costs of selling, administrative and unexplained unusual expenses went up. The decline in the net profit will have an effect on the ability of the company to pay its short and long-term obligations as well as earnings per share. Earnings per share for 2009 is $13 and industry is $15 For 2009, the gearing ratio or debt to equity is 1 meaning company has used up an equal weight of debt and equity financing, while for 2008 it is only .63%. Because of this shift to debt financing, the interest expense of the loans has increased from $1398M in 2008 to $1798M 2009. Debt financing becomes risky because of the volatility of interest rate charges. The limited net profit margin makes it difficult for the company to quickly pay its short-term obligation For instance; its current and the quick ratios for the past two years showed a ratio of less than 1 that gives an idea that Vodafone is going to have difficulty in paying its maturing obligations. Investment returns remain the same for 2008 and 2009. Vodafone had significant higher capital investments in 2009 than in 2008 that included long-term investments and acquisitions of property, plant, and equipment. Sources of funds of these investments are debt and equity financing. The return on assets for both periods has been almost the same in spite of additional investments in assets. Consequently, the ROI provided a negative return that should alarm the company. Several factors have contributed to the decrease in share prices of Vodafone. Vodafone Share price as reported on the London Stock Exchange (high) shows  £1.49 for 2005,  £1.55 for 2006,  £1.54 for 2007,  £1.98 for 2008 and a decreased share price of  £1.70 in 2009.

Factors Affecting Academic Performance Essay Example for Free

Factors Affecting Academic Performance Essay Like many Americans caught up in the economic downturn, college students are worried about money. Now research indicates that financial worries may affect their academic performance. This years National Survey of Student Engagement, released on Thursday, reveals that more than a third of seniors and more than a quarter of freshmen did not purchase required academic materials because of the cost. Roughly equal shares, around 60 percent, said they worried about having enough money for day-to-day expenses. And 36 percent of freshmen and 32 percent of seniors reported that financial concerns had interfered with their academic performance. Since 2000, Nessie, as the survey is known, has collected wide-ranging data to help colleges develop effective educational practices and promote engagement. Students are asked, for instance, how much time they spend studying, whether they get involved with campus organizations, and how they interact with their professors and peers. This year the researchers, based at Indiana University at Bloomington, also assessed how the economy was affecting students at a subset of the 546 American colleges that participated. The survey examined students employment, finding that among freshmen, nearly 20 percent worked on campuses, and about 30 percent worked elsewhere. For seniors, those proportions were about a quarter on campuses and more than half elsewhere. Students working off campuses logged more hours: More than half of seniors working on campuses worked less than 15 hours a week, but 40 percent of full-time seniors in off-campus jobs worked more than 16 hours a week; 20 percent logged 30 or more hours. Other research has found that working up to 20 hours a week can increase students engagement and improve their academic performance, but that a greater time commitment can be detrimental. In this years survey, more than half of full-time seniors who worked 21 or more hours a week said their work schedule interfered with their studies. Yet 60 percent of those students said they had investigated working even more hours to help cover the cost of college. Related Content Grades and Tests May Miss What Matters Most in Learning Charts: How Financial Worries Are Affecting Students Alexander C. McCormick, director of the survey, says institutions should consider such findings an opportunity to get a better sense of the financial stressors that shape students academic experiences. Most colleges, he points out, know which students have on-campus jobs. But administrators could do more to figure out how much time students spend working off-campus, and whether those commitments threaten their academic success. You can never do enough to understand who your students are, Mr. McCormick says. But collecting data is the easy part. The really hard work is up to the colleges and universities, to figure out what the data mean and what they want to do in response.

Santa Fe Trail Essay -- essays research papers

Santa Fe Trail Net "ALL'S SET" FOR SFTNet "The Santa Fe Trail Lives On!" Welcome to SFTNet, the latest manifestation of the Santa Fe Trail saga. This service is designed for trail buffs, students, researchers, travelers on the trail--in short, anyone with an interest in historic or contemporary developments along the Santa Fe Trail. What Is The Santa Fe Trail? As many who read this introduction will know, the Santa Fe Trail is an ancient land route of communication between the desert Southwest of what is now the United States and the prairies and plains of central North America. In the Southwest it was also part of a longer route that ran down the Rio Grande into what is now northern Mexico. American Indian peoples used the route to trade the agricultural produce of the Rio Grande Valley and the bounty of the plains, such as jerked buffalo meat and buffalo hides. When the Spanish conquistador Onate came to New Mexico in 1598, he and his soldiers followed this ancient route as they explored the plains and traded wit h the peoples there. During the next two centuries the Spanish gained an intimate knowledge of the plains and the routes between the Mississippi-Missouri river systems and the Southwest. Then, in 1821, a trader from Missouri, William Becknell, came to Santa Fe along what was to become known as the historical route of the Santa Fe Trail. He opened the Santa Fe Trail as a commercial route between what was then ...

Danshui Plant recommand for managemnt accounting perspective Essay

Danshui Plant No.2 is facing insufficient information for Wentao Chen, manager of Danshui Plant, to evaluate the performance of their production for the first quarter of their contract to assemble the Apple iPhone4. They were anxious as their target to produced 200,000 units of iPhone per month was unachievable as they could only produce 180,000 of units per month. Wentao Chan had called Jianye ma to request a summary of monthly operations, unfortunately Bingqian Li was uncomfortable with the report. In order to know what really going on, Li wants to prepare the flexible budget to compare the actual performance to the budget. Use of flexible budget allows the management to have a control and real time monitoring of business operations. This is because, it is prepared with the different line values for different sales projections. Besides that, it is become useful planning tools and help to react to the changes more efficiently. Since the company does not have enough information about the shortage of production of iPhone, the company still need to consider the possible causes of the problem. For examples, the problem may caused by the weaknesses of the plant that is used by the company to produce the iPhone. As we know before this, the plant is used to produce the computer hardware, and now it is used to produce the iPhone. Here, we can see that the capacity of the plant is unable to produce the iPhone. Besides, we know that the company need to produce more than 200,000 units of iPhone every month for the rest of 9 months dues to the shortage of the plant to produce the desired quantity of iPhone that being set by the company target, they should upgrade the maintenance of the plant that suits to assemble the iPhone. Besides that, the company can outsource some of the part of the iPhone from other company so that they could focus on the assembling the process only. By doinfg this, more labor could be assigned to assemble the iPhone and as a result, the amount of production will be lower due to the reducing in labors and material cost. Indirectly, all the material cost in producing the parts will be much lower as it will be taken by the outsource company. Apart from that, the ability or skills of labours needs to be enhanced. There is no point if the capacity of the plant can be increase to produces more parts but the labours still assemble the same amount of the iPhone. Therefore, as a solution, Danshui Plant need to held an speed and short training program that could enhance the skills of their labours in order to achieved the target. As we know that the program might consumed times, but the results will be better. More labor can be hire and let them to experience such program to perform better than before. The increasement in labor cost will be covered by the material cost that is reduced due to the outsource activity before.

Ford Case Analysis - 1706 Words

Major Issues Ford Motor Company is facing a major decision with regards to its supply chain strategy moving forward. The underlying question is, â€Å"how should the company use emerging information technologies and ideas from new high-tech industries to change the way it interacted with suppliers?†. Within Ford, there are 2 major, and opposing views. First, there are those that feel strongly that Ford should follow Dell’s model of â€Å"virtual integration† (reaping the benefits of vertical integration without vertically integrating) – using the model to communicate effectively with its suppliers, achieve and focus on inventory velocity, and allow its component suppliers to specialize. The other group believed that the Dell model would not†¦show more content†¦With this type of history, it can often be difficult for a company to make radical changes that will provide the competitive edge in the future. Ford is on the right track with its implementation o f the Ford 2000 restructuring plan. Ford needed to implement a globalization strategy, and needed to decide whether they wanted to adopt Dell’s supply chain strategy. My decision is to follow Dell’s model where it makes sense for Ford, not blindly in all possible areas. Advantages of following Dell’s model are as follows: * Implementation of better technology will not only setup Ford for the future, but also its supplier base. Long-lasting partnerships can be built. * Efficient and effective communication and coordination will be created. * Improved control over suppliers, ability to monitor performance. * Lower inventories through better forecasting. * Inventory velocity – concept to be introduced and followed by Ford. Some potential disadvantages of the implementation of Dell’s model: * New costs will be incurred in development of new web-based systems, also time spent in training Ford’s supplier base. * Difficulties of implementing a true â€Å"build to order† model in the automotive industry. * Implication for information sharing between Ford and its suppliers – trust issues? * Will the new supply chain be able to overcome the lack of technology within its supplier base? QuantitativeShow MoreRelatedFord Case Analysis1527 Words   |  7 PagesCASE STUDY #2 FORD MOTOR COMPANY by A Ford Motor Company - Supply Chain Strategy TABLE OF CONTENTS Part I. Executive Summary Part II. Issues Identification Part III. Alternative Options Part IV. Recommendation Part V. Implementation Part VI. ConclusionRead MoreThe Ford Pinto Case Analysis Essay1553 Words   |  7 Pages The Ford Pinto Case Iyanda S. 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International Trade Will Improve The United Economy

Several theories exist that take different approaches on what imports and exports would produce the best outcome for a given country. Countries have to specialize on certain goods in order to have a strong impact in the global trade. Many have argued that imports can have a negative impact on domestic products. Even though this is true, I believe that promoting free trade will improve the U.S. economy in the long run and that the benefits outweigh the costs. Firstly, an open market is when there are no restrictions on international trade. In other words, there are no tariffs or quotas interfering with the exported products. An advantage to eliminating restrictions on trade are that it supports innovation. If there is more competition for products on the market, then companies will invest in ways to produce a product more efficiently. This leads to new technological advancements which will help the country expand to new limits on the international market. Likewise, free trade will lead to higher quality products at low prices. This happens as a result of competition from international companies producing the same product. Consumers clearly benefit from these advantages while infant companies are at a disadvantage having to compete with older companies. A few disadvantages to promoting deregulated trade are that new domestic companies may have a difficult time competing with international companies. Many domestic companies may run out of business if they areShow MoreRelatedThe Global Economy and International Trade1357 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿The Global Economy and International Trade What Is International Trade International trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories. In most countries, such trade represents a significant share of gross domestic product (GDP). 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International order can be defined as an order in which countries are ranked internationally. These countries are ranked based on their economy and GDP, their Geopolitical zone, hard power (army, navy, air force), soft power (diplomatic means, export, import). As of right now, the United States is ranked as the first country in the international economic order, and following the United States is China. This order is what controls the demand and the supplyRead MoreEducation s Effects On International Business1151 Words   |  5 PagesEffects on International Business Megan Wyatt Texas AM University - Commerce Education is the root of business. It teaches citizens language, skills, values, and norms. A basic education gives citizens a basic way of business. A broader education brings the ability to specialize in an industry and bring business internationally. More skilled laborers bring the ability for a country to increase their potential and economy and move outside their borders to become a part of international businessRead MoreInternational Business : Cross Border Commerce1460 Words   |  6 PagesInternational business is also known as cross border commerce. Only half of American businesses pursue overseas opportunities. A variety of reasons keep American businesses from pursuing a global market. The biggest reason for not engaging in cross border commerce is fear, lack of knowledge. With education, international businesses can be effective, efficient, and profitable. Having a basic understanding of globalization leads to building a more solid foundation of understanding the environ mentalRead MoreCurrent State of the US Macroeconomy771 Words   |  3 PagesCurrent state of the U.S. macro economy Import surplus There can never be any country in the world which can survive on its own without being involved in international trade with other countries. Even the United States a super power can not have an economy which is growing or even raise the wages of our citizens unless we extend our trade beyond our borders and sell products and at the same time buy products from the rest of the population outside our country. We import a lot of goods from otherRead MoreInternational Trade Agreements And How Governmental Influences Benefited Trade1231 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscuss the benefits United States (U.S) had by engaging in international trade agreements and how governmental influences benefitted trade. To regulate international trade between nations, international trade agreements exist. These agreements involve regulating imports, exports and international trade of some specialty goods. The United States have been involved in many international trade agreements including free trade agreements. Free trade Agreements (FTA) helps the United States to open up foreignRead MoreGrowing and Emergin Economies: South Korea1116 Words   |  4 Pagesand emerging economy offers multinational companies the option of conducting business globally. Rapid growth and transformation of the South Korean economy has enabled the country to become a leader in the global market. Multinational companies that are looking for new global markets should pay attention to the South Korean economy. Strong markets exist for many industries within South Korea. The emerging electronics and motor vehicle market in South Korea has pushed its economy into one of theRead MoreImpact of Globalization in Belgium802 Words   |  3 Pagesaspects such as economy, social, education, labor, and politics. 1.3.1 Economy Apart from globalization, it would give a big impact to the economic sector in the Belgium country, whether will give benefit to the nation or harm as well. One benefit of the globalization is can access a new market among the business worker are there. Based on Borio and Filardo (2006), Belgium’s economy is more dependent on international trade. Due to globalization, Belgium had implemented the free trade barriers in orderRead MoreInternational Trade Is Important For Globalization1447 Words   |  6 Pageschoose to study international business. Because it many people are earning a lot money from it. International business mainly deals with business, trade and commerce on a global market. Because laws and cultures different from country to country, businesses have to prepare to deal with whatever issues may come up. With Internet communication, communicate between company are faster which cause global business competition became fiercer. In international business the main factor will be trade. International